
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
LATEST POSTS
- 1
What to know as New York City nurses strike for a 3rd day - 2
Rick Steves Doesn't Want You Overlooking This Food Spot While In France - 3
David Duchovny's new thriller has him stripping down at 65. But its chilling premise hits close to home. - 4
I read 115 books this year. 'Wuthering Heights,' 'Heart the Lover' and 'The House of My Mother' were among my 10 favorites. - 5
Born under fire: MDA delivers baby in Jerusalem minutes before rushing to shelter
I decided to become a single mother by choice. I wasn't ready to stop dating.
RFK Jr. says fewer flu shots for kids may be 'better.' What experts say.
Putin critic gets six years in penal colony, vows hunger strike
As cases of a rare, deadly infection rise, doctors worry fewer teens will get vaccinated
Iranian-linked drone attack kills Kurdish couple in northern Iraq
US FDA panel to weigh bid to market nicotine pouches as lower-risk than cigarettes
Artemis II's moonbound toilet is working again to astronauts' relief after overnight fix
The most effective method to Shake Hands During a Pandemic: Wellbeing Tips and Behavior
Experience Arranging: Planning for Epic Excursions













